What is an India Pale Ale?


IPA descends from the earliest pale ales of the 17th century. The term "pale ale" originally denoted an ale which had been brewed from pale malt. The pale ales of the early 18th century were lightly hopped and quite different from later pale ales. By the mid-18th century, pale ale was mostly manufactured with coke-fired malt, which produced less smoking and roasting of barley in the malting process, and hence produced a paler beer. One such variety of beer was October beer, a pale well-hopped brew popular among the landed classes, who brewed it domestically; once brewed it was intended to cellar two years.

Among the earliest known named brewers whose beers were exported to India was George Hodgson of the Bow Brewery, on the Middlesex-Essex border. Bow Brewery beers became popular among East India Company traders in the late 18th century because of the brewery's location and Hodgson's liberal credit line of 18 months. East Indiamen transported a number of Hodgson's beers to India, among them his October beer, which benefited exceptionally from conditions of the voyage and was apparently highly regarded among consumers in India. Bow Brewery came into control of Hodgson's sons in the early 19th century, but their business practices alienated their customers. During the same period, several Burton breweries lost their European export market in Russia because of new tariffs on beer, and were seeking a new export market for their beer. At the behest of the East India Company, Allsop brewery developed a strongly hopped pale ale in the style of Hodgson's for export to India. Other Burton brewers, including Bass and Salt, were anxious to replace their lost Russian export market and quickly followed Allsop's lead. Likely as a result of the advantages of Burton water in brewing, Burton India Pale Ale was preferred by merchants and their customers in India.

Demand for the export style of pale ale, which had become known as "India Pale Ale," developed in England around 1840 and India Pale Ale became a popular product in England. Some brewers dropped the term "India" in the late 19th century, but records indicated that these "pale ales" retained the features of earlier IPA. American, Australian and Canadian brewers manufactured beer with the label IPA before 1900, and records suggest that these beers were similar to English IPA of the era.

Hodgson's October beer style clearly influenced the Burton Brewers's India Pale Ale. His beer was only slightly higher in alcohol than most beer brewed in his day and would not have been considered a strong ale; however, a greater proportion of the wort was well-fermented, leaving behind few residual sugars, and the beer was strongly hopped. The common story that early IPAs were much stronger than other beers of the time, however, is a myth. Moreover, porter shipped to India at the same time survived the voyage, and common claims that Hodgson formulated his beer to survive the trip and that other beers would not survive the trip are probably false. It is clear that by the 1860s, India Pale Ales were widely brewed in England and that they were much more attenuated and highly hopped than porters and many other ales.

Friday, July 1, 2011

Bear Republic's Racer 5.


7.0% ABV

I was really craving a Racer 5. Kirk was wondering why I hadn't been posting reviews, and I thought last night was a great time to enjoy an IPA. My wife is teaching summer school and told me she was going to the store after work. I asked her to pick me up an IPA. Nothing specific, just an IPA. She knows the brands I enjoy and I knew she'd get a good one. Imagine my surprise when she comes home, I unpack the groceries, and there is a Racer 5 staring right back at me! I was stoked! If I drink an IPA during the week, it is usually while I cook dinner, and I couldn't wait to get cooking! I usually start at 6, but I was wanting the beer so bad I had to start at 5:30. I cracked it open and immediately smelled the delicious hops. Racer 5 is just a great, great IPA. Not too dry but really hoppy. The alcohol content comes in at a solid 7%. There are some IPAs that I can drink really quickly, but the Racer 5, for me, is a sipper. Like my recent obsession over Green Flash beers, I'm thinking I'm going to be trying out more of the Bear Republic beers. Now if they'd only bottle the Apex...

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1 comment:

  1. AnonymousJuly 1, 2011 at 12:36 PM

    I agree. We should start a campaign to get it bottled in Tall-Boys...

    --Kirk

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